They must go back to o ly glass bottles 3.3. The ASTM International Resin Identification Coding System, often abbreviated RIC, is a set of symbols appearing on plastic products that identify the plastic resin out of which the product is made. Nylon is used for making parachutes, because it is very strong, elastic and light. Answer: The first fully synthetic fiber was glass. Medical waste, including disposable masks, and fast food items such as plastic cutlery and single-use plastic straws or bags are some of the biggest contributors to this crisis. Activity 2 (NCERT Textbook, Page 36) It is stronger than steel, like a modern armor, but lighter and more flexible than steel. Our plant-based biodegradable packaging will decompose when exposed to the environment. [NCERT] Biodegradable waste is a form of waste, originating naturally from plant or animal sources, which may be degraded by other living organisms. What properties of plastics make it useful for many things ? The field has grown significantly in the past decade due to discoveries in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and more. Retrieved from theconversation.com. In summers we have extensive sweating which is easily soaked by cotton shirts and hence, cotton clothes are much better than the clothes made from synthetic material. (a), Question 10. just make stuff like packaging out of paper but bottles out of metal/glass or something. The chains link from one backbone to another. A Sample Biodegradable Plastic Bag Manufacturing Business Plan Template 1. Single-use plastic, otherwise known as disposable plastic, is bad. When both the fibres were spread in the sun, it was observed that synthetic fibre took less time to dry than natural fibre. These materials must mimic the elasticity of diverse tissue structures and, consequently, control biological function, particularly the differentiation of stem cells. These may include heart valves, hip joint replacements, dental implants, or contact lenses. When auto repair technology is added to this equation, the results could have important uses in many industries. Question 8. (a) it has a silk-like appearance. Biodegradable plastics offer reduces carbon dioxide levels. NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 3 MCQs. Examples of those made from corn starch include EverCornand NatureWorks. There are three main classes of biopolymers, classified according to the monomers used and the structure of the biopolymer formed: polynucleotides, polypeptides, and biodegradable: [adjective] capable of being broken down especially into innocuous products by the action of living things (such as microorganisms). Questions and Answers. (c) nylon DISCOVER OUR INDUSTRY 13/09/2022. However, if they are not properly disposed of or recycled, they may end up in the environment where they stay for centuries and degrade into smaller and smaller pieces. Semantically related keywords: Plastics, disposable plastics, microplastics, plastic pollution, South Africa, fossil fuel product, covid 19, UNEP, DFFE, recycling, Sasol, Cola Cola Company, Unilever. Telephone instruments, cooker handles, ballpoint pens, electrical switches. Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Recover. Question 15. Molecular probes and nanoparticles that break through biological barriers and aid in cancer imaging and therapy at the molecular level. Manufacturing synthetic fibres is actually helping the conservation of forests. It is strong, light and warm, therefore it is commonly used in sweaters such as furniture upholstery, in carpets and to coat boots and gloves. Thank you for your comment. BPR regulation aims to improve the functioning of the biocidal products market in the EU, while ensuring a high level of protection for humans and the environment. Patients with diabetic ulcers that dont heal experience decreased quality of life, infections, amputations, and death. (ii) the plastics are lightweight and are strong. Answer: Question 6. Specific examples of PLGA's use include: A commercially available drug delivery device using PLGA is Lupron Depot for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. How is rayon made ? Nylon. (b) bakelite European Union - 2022/11/30 Draft Commission Implementing Regulation approving Alkyl C1216 dimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride ADBACBKC C12C16 as an active substance for use in biocidal products of producttype 1 in accordance with Regulation EU No 5282012 of the European Parliament and of the Council. Synthetic gums and gel can adjust their shape in response to external stimuli; This means that they respond to changes in the environment. Green paints go way beyond eliminating lead from formulations! Kevlar is an excellent anti-ballistic material, since it is difficult for a bullet or a knife to pass through the fibers. Explain your answer. PET is used for making bottles, utensils, fibres and wires. Rana wants to buy shirts for summer. Question 7. While the words "bioplastic" and "biodegradable plastic" are similar, Question 12. It is expected that more and more will be used in coatings, electronics and transport. thamks again, Boycott all coke products in plastic (d) Jute 1. (Welding PVC to acrylic is an exception to this rule.) Tie it to the clamp so that it hangs freely from it as shown in Fig. (i) They are used for making parachutes and ropes for rock climbing. The person will use Teflon because it is not affected by heat and does not react chemically with other substances. Retrieved from dupont.com. What are the advantages of nylon ? Manufacturing Technology: Materials, Processes, and Equipment (2011). 4} Plastic bags are non-biodegradable And one of the worst environmental effects of plastic bags is that they are non- biodegradable. With technology, scientists have discovered new synthetic routes of joining small molecules into large polyester chains with the correct properties for particular uses. for making a number of medical instruments. known as repeat units, derived from monomers; each 13. Few commercial applications exist for bioplastics. When bioplastics enter the conventional plastic recycling stream they may contaminate the recycling process. Answer: SEAC recommended, among other things, a lower size limit of 1 nm for restricting microplastics. prophylactic delivery of the antibiotic vancomycin into the central nervous system when applied to the surface of the brain after brain surgery; See also. It is lustrous and easy to wash. Polystyrene is used in packaging. This is possible since the natural fibers are sensitive to the elements and tend to break with the passage of time; This means that they are biodegradable. For the longest time, plastics are typically made as non-biodegradable substances. Leave a gap between two ends of the wire. Careless disposal of plastic bags, chokes, drains and blocks the soil. NIBIB-funded researchers are working to combine silk with tropoelastin, a highly elastic and dynamic structural protein to construct a panel of protein biomaterials. Microplastics are intentionally added toa range of products including fertilisers, plant protection products, cosmetics, household and industrial detergents, cleaning products, paints and products used in the oil and gas industry. Preliminary tests are promising, showing the patch can withstand lung-like pressures, effectively treat lung leaks, and aid in lung tissue regeneration. (c) Telephone instruments (i) These plastics when moulded once, cant be softened again. Question 1. Synthetic fabric catches fire very easily. Nylon can be used for making socks, ropes, tents, toothbrushes, sleeping bags, curtains, parachutes and ropes for rock climbing. Stem cells are not specialized, so they have the potential to transition into any specific kind of cell under the right conditions. How are biomaterials used in current medical practice? Answer: Topics and Sub Topics in Class 8 ScienceChapter 3 Synthetic Fibers and Plastics: Question 1. (iii) (a) From simple packaging to complex structural building materials. Biodegradable plastics are defined by their ability to break down in a specific setting, for example, water. All of these innovators recognize that plastics are not perfect but that they are an important and necessary part of our future. Answer: Carbon fiber can be costly to manufacture, but it is widely used in the automotive, aerospace, civil engineering, sports and other technical applications industries. (b) Ballpoint pens Answer: An example of bio-based plastic is the cellulose fiber plastic, which is made from reconstituted cellulose, and zein plastic, which is made from corn protein. This is the name given to plastics that have been reinforced by different fibers to make them more elastic and strong. Polly 1122 tetrafluoroethylene also known as PTFE, which is a nonstick coating on frying pans as well as being used in bearings another low friction surfaces. Networked polymers are complex polymers that are heavily linked to form a complex network of three-dimensional linkages. The combination of innovations reduces our dependence on petroleum products, protects humans and wildlife from undesirable chemicals in old plastics, and reduces waste and impact on the environment. Early testing with absorbable zinc stents have been promising. [NCERT] It is stronger and more durable than rubber and was invented in the 1950s. Comment on this advice. The mission of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) is to transform through engineering the understanding of disease and its prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment. The John A. Dutton e-Education Institute is the learning design unit of the College of Earth and Mineral Sciences at The Pennsylvania State University. Polythene bag is made of plastic which is a polymer of ethene. This material is also used to make bottles, canoes, cables and holograms, among others. Immunomodulating biomaterials may help to tackle widespread chronic diseases such as type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease where the body's defense destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Bone replacement material must support cell attachment and facilitate bone growth. In many occasions combinations of polyester and natural fibers are created to obtain different results. The POPs Regulation bans or severely restricts the production and use of persistent organic pollutants in the European Union. Examples: Vulcanized rubber, Bakelite, Polyurethane, Epoxy resin, Vinyl ester resin, etc. Why are the chemicals in the laboratory stored in plastic containers ? Is it advisable to use recycled plastic containers for storing food ? (b) it is obtained from wood pulp. Other uses include underwear, bathing suits, mittens and gloves. The most durable plastic items like bottles, disposable nappies and beer holders can take 450 years to biodegrade. It's a long-term goal for many chemists is to develop more biodegradable plastics which would naturally break down in our environment. Should the handle and bristles of a toothbrush be made of the same material? Mark the correct answer. The Airbus A360 and Boeing 787 are made of 50% composed of plastics. Unilever produces 610,000 tons of single use plastic packaging annually, and is planning to expand production into Asia. Unilever aims to divert attention away from acknowledging that single-use plastic production is outdated and harmful. A biomedical device lasts only as long as its battery. It is so soft that it feels like wool to the touch; After going through a correct procedure, can be used to imitate other fabrics like cotton. Answer: Question 10. It's a long-term goal for many chemists is to develop more biodegradable plastics which would naturally break down in our environment. Polythene. (iv) (b). Plastics ( manufacture, types,application,examples) 7. Biocidal Products Committee opinions on active substance approval, National authorisation and mutual recognition, List of substances subject to the POPs Regulation, Understanding the Waste Framework Directive, Tools to prepare and submit SCIP notifications, Draft recommendation for inclusion in the Authorisation List and consultation, Submitted restrictions under consideration, Harmonised classification and labelling targeted consultations, Consultations on ECHA Executive Directors requests, Consultations - Occupational Exposure Limits, Calls for evidence - Occupational Exposure Limits, PACT - Public Activities Coordination Tool, Information on Candidate List substances in articles, Candidate List of substances of very high concern for Authorisation, Registry of restriction intentions until outcome, Registry of SVHC intentions until outcome, Table of harmonised entries in Annex VI to CLP, Occupational exposure limits - Activity list, Harmonised classification and labelling (RAC), Lead in shot, bullets and fishing weights, Granules and mulches on sports pitches and playgrounds, Note for the Attention of ECHAs Executive Director on microplastic particles, Reply to Mrs Anja Stahmann, Senatorin fr Soziales, Jugend, Frauen, Integration und Sport, Reply of the Chairman of ECHAs Management Board to NGOs concerns on the call for evidence on intentionally added microplastics, Public consultation on unintentionally released microplastics 22 February - 17 May 2022, Plastic Waste: a European strategy to protect the planet, defend our citizens and empower our industries, Plastics Strategy of the European Commission, Intentionally added microplastics in products, Investigating options for reducing releases in the aquatic environment of microplastics emitted by (but not intentionally added in) products, A scientific perspective on microplastics in nature and society (SAPEA), EFSA Scientific ColloquiumA coordinated approach to assess the human health risks of micro- and nanoplastics in food, Presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in food, with particular focus on seafood, European Parliament Strategy on plastics in the circular economy / 2017, ECHA's restriction proposal and opinions of RAC and SEAC, Request for RAC to prepare a supplementary opinion, Scientific committees: EU-wide restriction best way to reduce microplastic pollution, Watch our Media Q&A recording on the restriction proposal for microplastics, Working on the worlds broadest restriction of intentional uses of microplastics, Q&A on the main updates to the restriction proposal, Consultation on SEAC draft opinion on restricting intentional uses of microplastics, RAC backs restricting intentional uses of microplastics, Restriction proposal for intentionally added microplastics in the EU - update, Consultation on the intentionally added microplastics restriction proposal, RAC and SEAC agreed conformity of the intentionally added microplastics restriction proposal, ECHA proposes to restrict intentionally added microplastics, Proposed restriction on intentionally added microplastic (Annex XV report and Annexes), Information session: consultation on microplastics restriction proposal, Intentionally added microplastics likely to accumulate in terrestrial and freshwater environments, Stakeholder workshop on intentionally added microplastics, Information session: Call for evidence on possible restriction of microplastics, Call for evidence on possible restriction of microplastics, Consultations in the authorisation process, Consultation on draft recommendation for inclusion in the Authorisation List, Applications for authorisation consultations, Harmonised classification and labelling consultations, ECHA Executive Directors requests related to the CLH process, Consultation on potential candidates for substitution, Consultation on derogation to the exclusion criteria, Previous consultations on ECHAs Executive Director Requests to the Committees, ECHA's Executive Director Requests to the Committees, Consultation on a draft recommendation for amendment of Authorisation List entries, Occupational exposure limits - 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Here are some interesting sustainable chemistry achievements: Plastics being developed from eco-friendly renewable sources, plus some modern plastics are biodegradable. Answer: These are the current advantages and disadvantages of biodegradable plastics to review. (a) Cotton Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Green Chemistry Examples." Rayon is different from synthetic fibres because [NCERT]. Answer: Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. Answer: Life Technologiesdeveloped a three-step, one-pot synthesis method for polymerase chain reaction (PCR), used in genetic testing. Question 13. Give examples to show that plastics are non-corrosive in nature. Which plastic will he use for coating and why ? This courseware module is offered as part of the Repository of Open and Affordable Materials at Penn State. Answer: Question 11. AATC. Please upgrade your Internet Explorer to a newer version. Researchers are exploring the development of supramolecular biomaterials that can be turned on or off in response to physiological cues or that mimic natural biological signaling. Poly(butylene adipate- co -terephthalate) (PBAT) and polybutylene succinate (PBS) are bioplastics in class transition, since partially bio-based versions of these compounds are current being developed. The forests would be conserved if synthetic fibres are used, but other effects of synthetic fibres are more harmful. If a chemist is synthesizing a polymer utilizing two distinct starting monomers there are several possible structures, as shown in the figure below. Thank you for your comment. No, the handle and bristles of tooth brush cannot be made of the same plastic. This is because our gums are soft and the bristles should be made of soft material so that it does not harm the gums. A patch for use as a lung sealant The committee stated that the eventual choice would depend on policy priorities, specifically regarding the reduction of emissions. Decision by the European Commissionand EU Member States, Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals, Chemical Agents Directive and Carcinogens or Mutagens Directive, Substances of very high concern identification, Recommendation for the Authorisation List, Getting started with EU chemicals legislation, Classification of substances and mixtures, Harmonised classification and labelling (CLH). Currently, bio-based and biodegradable plastics have a very small market size, approximately only 1% of all plastics produced. Mark () the correct answer. Get a Quote. Which of the following is a thermoplastic Question 1. Answer: Acrylic is used as a substitute of natural wool for knitting sweaters, blankets etc. Instead of using plastic made from petrochemicals and fossil fuels, compostable plastics are derived from renewable materials like corn, potato, and tapioca starches, cellulose, soy protein, and lactic acid. To control the release to the environment of infill material from artificial turf pitches, SEAC did not prefer any of the risk management options proposed by ECHA over the others. An example of these are the polypropylene fibers that are used in carpets or polyethylene varieties that are used to make plastic bottles. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. Nylon is used in textiles, clothing, and carpets. Many of the processes used to make products rely on toxic chemicals or could be streamlined to reduce the use of resources and release of waste. Soybean oil, grape seed oil, and cocoa butter are examples of seed oils, or fats from seeds. Answer: What are Scientists Doing Now to Improve Polymers? Examples include a bone regenerating hydrogel and a lab-grown human bladder. The development and application of biodegradable plastics : 2. In addition, most plastics are derived from crude, which is not renewable. View and Download Science Topic Fact Sheets (PDFs). Common thermoplastics range from 20,000 to 500,000 amu, while thermosets are assumed to have infinite molecular weight. Examples of biodegradable plastic use. Buckets made up of plastic are better because they are light, strong and durable. Following are the examples that show that plastics are non-corrosive in nature. Bio-based plastic refers to the renewable sources used to make the particular plastic. (a) man-made, artificial fibres Polythene used for carrier bags and plastics. Name the plastic whose sheets are used for packing liquids. [NCERT] [MSE (Chandigarh)] Activity 1 (NCERT Textbook, Page 34) (d) Rayon Manufacturing synthetic fibres is actually helping conservation of forests. To transform corn into plastic, corn kernels are immersed in sulfur dioxide and hot water, where its components break down into starch, protein, and fiber.The kernels are then ground and the corn oil is separated from the Scientific research employs a number of techniques that use hazardous chemicals and release waste into the environment. (a) Vegetable peels Answer: Answer: Answer: The Commissions draft regulation will be discussed for the first time with the Member States in the REACH Committee on 23 September 2022. Professor Tang's process usesan engineered enzyme and a low-cost feedstock. So, it is used for making kitchenware. The Commission hasprepared its draft regulation following ECHAs report and the committees combined opinion. National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB). [2] Susan Freinkel, Plastics: A Toxic Love Story (New York: Henry Holt, 2011), p. 4. Question 9. Last updated at May 11, 2020 by Teachoo. Unilever relies heavily on single use packaging for its many consumer products. These compounds are increasingly being used, particularly in the aerospace industry. Research currently underway using both synthetic and naturally derived injectable biomaterials may one day be used to treat bone defects, cancer, and heart attacks. During summers, synthetic fibres do not absorb sweat and a person wearing it feels uncomfortable. (c) polythene Question 6. In addition, the releases of unintentionally formed microplastics (when larger pieces of plastic wear and tear) are estimated to be around 176 000 tonnes a year to the European surface waters. [1] Joseph L. Nicholson and George R. Leighton, Plastics Come of Age, Harpers Magazine, August 1942, p. 306. They involve very complicated designs and are difficult to manufacture, but when repaired they are more durable than other polymers. The acrylic paint is made from a mixture of acrylics, soybean oil, and recycled PET bottles. Retrieved from books.google.com. Question 7. We use cookies to provide our online service. (b) PVC Biodegradable plastics offer a substance that is made from a natural source, so the risks of breaking down are much fewer. (b), Question 3. Observation Table 3.1, (Precaution: Note that all threads should be of the same length and most of the same thickness.). Diagrams of linear, branched, crosslinked, and networked polymer structures. Question 16. (1981). After the alginate is freeze-dried, it is applied to the wound and rehydrated from the bodys own water. Sherwin-Williams created water-based acrylic alkyd paints that contain low levels of volatile organic compounds(VOCs). (a) cellulose Pollution due to plastics can be solved by following methods : Question 1. Thus, natural fibre absorbs more water as compared to synthetic fibre. It has very sought after properties because it is made of fibers that are strongly pressed with each other. The waste plastic articles thrown here and there carelessly get into dirty water drains and sewers, and block them. It has many commercial applications in synthetic fibers, such as floor coverings and rubber reinforcements; It is also used to model automobile parts, especially the engine compartment, and in electrical equipment, in dental brushes, carpets, nylon stockings and clothing fabrics. Biodegradable waste can be usually found in municipal solid waste such as green waste, food waste, paper (i) These plastics softened on heating and can be bent easily. Hot gas welding, also known as hot air welding, is a plastic welding technique using heat.A specially designed heat gun, called a hot air welder, produces a jet of hot air that softens both the parts to be joined and a plastic filler rod, all of which must be of the same or a very similar plastic. Plastic used for coating non-stick pans is Explain the difference between thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable wastes should be separated and disposed off separately. Teflon coated pans are used instead of metallic as it doesnot react with chemicals in the food. It melts and sticks to the body of the person wearing it. [NCERT]. Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages of using biodegradable plastics. Rana wants to buy shirts for summer. Question 10. For example, the blend between polyester and cotton, poly cotton, is a strong, wrinkle-resistant and non-shrinking fabric. Additionally, it is used in yarns for weaving, especially in crochet. Lycra or spandex is a fiber known to be exceptionally elastic; Can expand up to 5 times its size. In 2017, the European Commission requested ECHA to assess the scientific evidence for taking regulatory action at the EU level on microplastics that are intentionally added to products (i.e. Translations in context of "Cornstarch Biodegradable Plastic" in English-Italian from Reverso Context: Large Image: Disposable Cornstarch Biodegradable Plastic Bag With Handle Hole Answer: Why are the electric wires covered with plastic ? The Prior Informed Consent Regulation administers the import and export of certain hazardous chemicals and places obligations on companies who wish to export these chemicals to non-EU countries. Like animal fats, vegetable fats are mixtures of triglycerides. In the manufacturing of synthetic fibres, we use only chemical substances and no natural materials, thus, in turn, we conserve forests. They are available in many colours. With the recent news that the South African government is planning to oppose a multilateral Environmental Agreement (MEA) treaty in September that would effectively put an end to the import of plastics into Africa, in addition to Coca Colas blatant greenwashing campaign on PET plastic bottles in Kenya, single-use plastic and its effect on vulnerable communities in Africa is an issue that needs urgent intervention. Answer: Waste minimisation involves redesigning products and processes and/or changing societal patterns of consumption Plastics are very useful, but their disposal is a big problem. Below are some examples of single-use plastic items that are causing damage to our communities and environment: Big corporations have convinced us for years that single-use plastic is a necessity in this fast-paced, consumer driven culture that they force on us. as exfoliating and polishing agents in cosmetics known as microbeads), but they can also have other functions, such as controlling the thickness, appearance and stability of a product. I reuse plastic water bottles - I refill them. Answer: New greener processes keep research and tech on track while making it safer, cheaper, and less wasteful. If the two monomers are randomly ordered then the copolymer is, not surprisingly, referred to as a random copolymer. Avoid plastics as far as possible. They are set to collect data such as how long users stay on a page or which links are clicked. Question 8. Comment. Polyester is made up of the repeating units of an ester. Plastics can be recycled, reused, coloured, melted, rolled into sheets or made into wires, so they are very useful. Give the characteristics of synthetic fibres. Biodegradable Plastics . (d) PVC (c) Jute These new materials that are being developed have the capacity to repair damages that at other times could be considered irreparable. Different chemical compounds are used to make different types of fibers. Answer: Helmenstine, Anne Marie, Ph.D. "Green Chemistry Examples." The previous process used hazardous chemicals and released a large volume of toxic waste. Plastic is a poor conductor of electricity, therefore, the wires are covered with it. We use cookies to enhance your experience. Polythene used for carrier bags and plastics. (i) These plastics can be moulded and reset a number of times. 4.9, Callister & Rethwisch 5e. Heat breaks the bonds between the long chains allowing the chains to flow past each other, allowing the material to be remolded. We use plastic cookware in microwave ovens, because they are not affected by heat but the food is cooked. This was due to the need to replace Asian silk and hemp in parachutes during World War II. In healthcare, plastics are used. Answer: Question 12. Plastics should be recycled and reused. Which material is best suited for covering electric wires? Better, stronger and safer. Below are just a few negative impacts of single-use plastic: Unfortunately, the Covid 19 pandemic has seen an unprecedented surge in single-use plastics entering production as consumers demand that foodstuffs and other products be protected from the virus by plastic. Close In addition to clothing, many polyester woven fabrics are used in home furnishings and household linens. Answer: One of these should be from natural fibre. Biomaterials can be used to control stem cell fate and function. Plastics are non-reactive, so they can be used for storing chemicals. It does not melt and only decomposes at a temperature higher than 450 C; The cold does not damage it, can survive temperatures up to -196 C. It resists attacks of different chemicals and moisture does not harm it. Food can be stored in plastic containers, as they are resistant to chemicals in the food. Answer: Synthetic fibres are also called .. or . Answer: Green chemistry seeks to streamline production processes, reduce the environmental impact of drugs and their metabolites, and minimize toxic chemicals used in reactions. Pollution due to plastics can be solved by following methods : Avoid the use of plastics as far as possible. Name the plastic used for making polythene bags. Linear polymers resemble spaghetti with long chains. Question 19. For example, water bottles, tin cans, tires and computers are all items that cannot decay in a land fill. Give one use each of bakelite, nylon and acrylic. Comment. Take the pieces out of the containers after five minutes and spread them in the sun for a few minutes. These plastics can only be molded once and they cannot be softened on further heating. Right now. Plastic containers are favoured for storing food because of the following reasons: High-density polyethylene is used for drain pipes, water bottles, and containers. The future of single-use plastic usage in Africa isnt looking good. Plastics that are capable of being broken down into carbon dioxide, water and minerals by natural processes (microbes, sunlight and hydrolysis) are considered to be biodegradable. En Espaol | Site Map | Staff Directory | Contact Us. Question 5. Answer: What are some examples of synthetic materials? Take two cloth pieces of the same size, roughly half a metre square each. Why is melamine used for making kitchenware ? These plastic materials when eat up by the animals (like cows), choke their respiratory system. Credit: Adapted from Fig. Now at the end of this lesson, you should have an appreciation of the importance of polymers, be able to name some key polymers along with their uses, and also describe the problems associated with polymers. Give three advantages of polythene over natural materials. (i) the plastics do not react with the food stored in them. Modern paints reduce toxic chemicals released as paints dry, substitute safer pigments for some poisonous colors, and reduce toxins when the paint is removed. Injectable biomaterials are being used increasingly for the delivery of therapeutic agents such as medicine, genetic materials, and proteins. Nylon is used in textile industry to produce clothes. Types of Biodegradable Plastics Aliphatic Polyesters Naturally Produced: Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) polyhydroxyvalerate (PHV) polyhydroxyhexanoate (PHH) Renewable Polylactic acid (PLA) Synthetic Polybutylene succinate (PBS), polycaprolactone (PCL) Polyanhydrides Polyvinyl alcohol Starch derivatives Should he buy cotton shirts or shirts made from synthetic material ? (d), Question 7. (i) A meterial which gets decomposed through natural processes, such as action of bacteria. What is polyester ? Thermoplastics. Answer: What Is Inorganic Chemistry and Why Does It Matter? An Overview of Municipal Waste and Landfills, The Environmental Impacts of Hurricane Katrina. This capability is very useful since it can help design other intelligent materials, such as sensors and alarms. Give some uses of PET. Answer: In recent times, there has been a boom in the invention of new synthetic materials. Advantages of rayon are : Question 9. Green chemistry seeks to develop new processes and improve conventional production methods. Explain why the following are made of thermosetting plastics. Upon cooling the bonds between the long chains reform, i.e., the polymer hardens. Explain why plastic containers are favoured for storing food. Advise Rana, giving your reason. The long chains are typically held together by the weaker van der Waals or hydrogen bonding. This shows that thermoplastic is a poor conductor of electricity. (a) Saucepan handles They are the main causes of air, water and soil pollution and diseases like cancer. South Africa currently ranks as 11 out of 20 countries responsible for the mismanagement of plastic waste, according to a recent article in Science, and this is having a devastating effect on our vulnerable citizens. This company is also punting false and misleading solutions like recycling that does not effectively deal with the flood of single-use plastic packaging it produces annually. Question 6. This weight indicates the strength of the fibre. Which of the following can be recycled? Low density polyethylene (LDPE), most commonly used as packaging material and in plastic bags and cling wrap, is one such product. It is a very strong material, but relatively light. This is largely due to the global plastics industry convincing us that single-use, disposable plastic products are inherently safer than reusable plastic products, while this is simply not the case. Here are some specific examples of polymers and their common uses. (a) Plastic bowls The Synthetic materials Are those materials that are made of synthesized polymers or small molecules. He should buy cotton shirts. Indeed, we all need to play our part in plastic waste reduction. Many millions of tons of single use LDPE is produced each year and much of it ends up in our rivers and oceans since it is non-biodegradable. U.S. CRC. (d) Jute Name the first fully synthetic fibre. (c) Polystyrene Answer: Answer: Synthetic fibres dry up soon, are durable, less expensive, readily available and easy to maintain. It was developed in 1988 by the Society of the Plastics Industry (now the Plastics Industry Association) in the United States, but since 2008 it has been administered by ASTM In ecology, the term habitat summarises the array of resources, physical and biotic factors that are present in an area, such as to support the survival and reproduction of a particular species.A species habitat can be seen as the physical manifestation of its ecological niche.Thus "habitat" is a species-specific term, fundamentally different from concepts such as environment or As more developed countries start to take a stand and limit the amount of single-use plastic waste entering their borders, it is often countries in the Global South who bear the brunt of the flow of disposable plastic into their rivers, seas and landfills. 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